ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is a multi system disorder and causes various abnormalities in liver function tests. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of abnormal liver function tests in patients of COVID-19 and to describe the association of liver function tests with clinical features and disease severity in these patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated and analyzed the liver function tests of all real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra. The Institutional Ethics Committee of our hospital approved the study. Results: Of the 533 patients included in our study, 50% had abnormal albumin levels while 40.1%, 43.5%, 9.3%, and 6.3% patients had deranged alanine transaminase (ALT) aspartate transaminase (AST), total protein and bilirubin levels, respectively. Hepatocellular injury was observed in 21 (3.9%) patients, and cholestatic liver injury was observed in seven (1.3%) patients. Abnormal liver function test (LFT) was significantly associated with disease severity but not with mortality. Conclusion: Abnormal LFT in patients of COVID-19 is associated with severe disease but not mortality. Liver injury is common in patients of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The recent COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has sparked a new spectrum of investigations, research and studies in multifarious directions. Efforts are being made around the world for discovery of effective vaccines/drugs against COVID-19. In this context, Ayurveda, an alternative traditional system of medicine in India may work as an adjuvant therapy in compromised patients. We selected 40 herbal leads on the basis of their traditional applications. The phytomolecules from these leads were further screened through in-silico molecular docking against two main targets of SARS-CoV-2 i.e. the spike protein (S; structural protein) and the main protease (MPRO; non-structural protein). Out of the selected 40, 12 phytomolecules were able to block or stabilize the major functional sites of the main protease and spike protein. Among these, Ginsenoside, Glycyrrhizic acid, Hespiridin and Tribulosin exhibited high binding energy with both main protease and spike protein. Etoposide showed good binding energy only with Spike protein and Teniposide had high binding energy only with main protease. The above phytocompounds showed promising binding efficiency with target proteins indicating their possible applications against SARS-CoV-2. However, these findings need to be validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments with above mentioned potential molecules as candidate drugs for the management of COVID-19. In addition, there is an opportunity for the development of formulations through different permutations and combinations of these phytomolecules to harness their synergistic potential.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Plant Preparations , SARS-CoV-2 , Coronavirus 3C Proteases , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Plant Preparations/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic has changed the operations of many industries. The retails sectors are facing lots of challenges which arise due to the pandemic. Customers visiting the stores have declined, purchase power has decreased and demand of the products also decreased which in turn have led to lower in sale of the clothes and fashion products. The objective of this research is identify the challenges faced the fashion retail store due to pandemic. For this a structured literature review is performed to identify the challenges that the fashion retail store are currently facing or was facing during the lockdown. The challenges identified are mainly communication problems, safety and security, poor infrastructure, lack of medical facilities. A questionnaire is developed for a survey based research across the various fashion retail outlets. For the data analysis exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling is performed. The model developed showed a good fit and the entire proposed hypothesis is being accepted.